Author Archive

Thursday, August 12th, 2010 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

 

Composer un parfum naturel est totalement différent  de faire un parfum synthétique.

Avec les matières premières naturelles un parfumeur manie des archétypes. L’odeur est une des manifestation de l’archétype dont elles proviennent et qu’elles représentent.
Par exemple le pin est l’archétype olfactif de l’arbre, la rose celui de la fleur, la cannelle celui des épices.

Chacune de ces odeurs appartient a notre vie et a été enregistrée dans notre mémoire olfactive en association a des émotions que nous avons vécues ou dont nous avons hérité le souvenir de nos ancêtres, a travers la mémoire olfactive génétique.

Avec des archétypes on peut écrire des œuvres aussi différentes que l’odyssée et Le petit Prince. Dans tous les cas on est obligé a une construire une structure extrêmement simplifiée qui doit rester visible du début a la fin.

Ce serait comme écrire l’histoire d’un homme. La structure de l’histoire: il nait, il vit, il meurt.
Tout le reste; des détails, 60 ans d’évènements, un livre entier, ne sont que fioritures. Si l’on perd de vue la structure, elles perdent leur sens, qui est la tragédie de la grandeur et de la misère humaine.

Ce qu’il faut éviter en composant un parfum naturel c’est de noyer l’accord principal ou le thème dans les détails jusqu’a ce qu’ils cachent la structure. Le pire serait de partir sans une idée claire et de continuer sans discipline.

La structure d’un parfum naturel simple et bon peut être un accord de 2 ou bien de 3 essences, ou même un mono thème, mais dans tous les cas le parfum sera constitué d’un nombre de différentes molécules plus considérable que ce qu’on trouve dans un parfum commercial.
Ce qui fait la complexité des matières premières naturelles rend aussi nécessaire une attention majeure a la discipline dans leur composition. Chaque ingrédient doit avoir un sens dans le domaine des archétypes pour que son odeur puisse participer a la symphonie qu’on veut écrire.
Autrement on risque de se retrouver avec une soupe incohérente, très nourrissante certes mais sans attrait sinon pour quelqu’un de très affamé.

Simplifier, épurer, structurer, ne pas perdre de vue l’idée originale, ne pas tricher pour arriver a son but, et surtout a la fin ne pas chercher a obtenir autre chose qu’un bon produit et savoir s’arrêter quand on est satisfait, voici la méthode.

Je ne saurais que répéter ce que Guerlain disait aux élèves de parfumerie « Ayez des idées simples, appliquez les scrupuleusement, ne trichez jamais sur la qualité et faites de bons produits »

Peut être est-ce la prétention de faire de l’art, le désir de produire quelque chose de grandiose qui fait errer un parfumeur. L’égo est l’ennemi de la vérité, mais cette culture nous fait le vénérer. La discipline qui préside alla composition d’un parfum naturel n’a pas besoin d’être apprise dans une école si elle est déjà présente come une discipline intérieure qui préside a la vie.

Sunday, July 11th, 2010 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

In perfumery a mixture that smells different from its components is called an accord. However the nose retains its capacity to analyse the accord in order to detect each component.
This is very stange.

Let us remark that the accord will be perceived as a smell of its own by everybody, but only the persons who know the ingredients will be able to analyse the accord.
Analysis of smell requires the help of the evolved part of  the brain, particularly the orbitofrontal cortex and the language center.

I have met people who are able to detect the presence in a perfume of the smallest part of an essence that they abhor, rose or Frankincense for instance.
Their nose does not detect the smell of rose or frankincense in the perfume, there is too little of that in the perfume to be detected, I know it well enough, having composed the perfume myself.

What they detect is the emotion that these smells associate.
These persons did hate rose or Frankincense due to a trauma. They had been exposed to them in a situation of stress and distress and had memorized these smells associating them with the negative emotions lived during that situation.
Their nose acted as a detector, it detected the presence of the essence associated with distress and notified the danger they represented (according to their personal experience) by reproducing the record of the emotion.

The facts about the nose illustrated in these reflections are three:

The nose has a synthetic perception of scents, thousands of aromatic molecules are identified as a single odour.

The nose has an analytic perception of scents, and can be used as an instrument by the brain in order to split an odour in each of its components.

The nose can act as a gas chromatography instrument, informing us about the presence of some components in a scent that are of particular relevance for our survival.

Monday, July 05th, 2010 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

The earache is so widespread in Timbuktu that even I got it after a month. It is probably the desert wind that transports the poisoned dust street into people’s ears. Fortunately before it happened to me, I had a lot of practice with curing the population, so that I did not suffer from it for more that one day. If some day earache should happen to you without any medicines around, simply use warm olive oil inside the ear. This all Italian home remedy functions well, but for aromatherapy and extra efficacy I have always added one drop of lavender essential oil to it.

At the beginning in Timbuktu I continued to successfully cure earache with lavender and olive oil. But since I had brought little lavender with me and I had many patients, my supply ran out quickly, so I thought I had to find a substitute remedy.

I picked the Anti Sharks oil because it contains lots of lavender and it is very anti-inflammatory. It is fantastic – the pain passes instantly leaving a sense of freshness in the ear and a physical feeling of the oil curing the disease, substituting pain with pleasure and relief. One drop per every millilitre of olive oil is enough and according to the capacity of the ear three to ten drops of remedy are used.

Often I have observed that one application is enough, but for most cases three days of treatment with three applications a day have been resolving. Anti Sharks is made with the essential oils of lavender, geranium and peppermint.

The earache can degenerate into very serious conditions, the best way to illustrate it is the case of little Buyah. His healing in 10 days shows again the great power of Anti Sharks.

 

When his mother brought him to me. The child is suffering very much, he does not eat and does not sleep at night. His gaze stunned me very much, it was not child’s. The neck, the chin and the cheek under the ear are swollen. The colour is red and it shows a deep inflammation.

 

Mother is very worried. I used immediately pure Anti Sharks and gave to mother a bottle of essence diluted in olive oil to use at home.

 

After the first day of treatment with Anti Squali. Swelling has extended to the eye, but the colour is not red anymore. Child is still suffering but much less and finally he could sleep at night. Mother is still worried.

 

After four days – The child is suffering less and he has started to eat again, swelling is reduced and the mother is reassured.

 
The abscess has formed under the ear and the eyes are no more swollen. It is a very painful acute phase. Besides Anti Sharks I frequently wet the abscess to favour it’s burst. We wait another three days.

 
Second day.

  

For next three days the mother of Buyah did not return to me with the boy. I know that when it is like this it means that the things are going well. Nonetheless I was wondering how was the little patient and in that moment I saw them coming to me.

 
The day of joy. His mother brought him to me – the abscess has burst and Buyah has healed.

Monday, July 05th, 2010 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

Ringworm is a disease that affects mostly children. It makes them suffer a lot and the itching is so strong that they scratch their head until it bleeds, sores get enlarged and the pain prevents them from sleeping. Ringworm makes children’s life miserable. Timbuktu hospitals’ or traditional therapists’ remedies are so expensive that most families cannot afford to buy them.
Traditional medicine in Timbuktu is no alternative to hospital for the health problem. The remedies are prepared and sold by the “tradithérapeutes” themselves. They depend entirely on their sale for their living and when they do not overprice them, they convince their patients that their case necessisates several remedies, quickly making a sum that amounts to several days of wages.
In Timbuktu people fear the doctors more than the disease.

There are different scalp diseases in Timbuktu – one ugliest than the other, but fortunately I brought with me an important supply of the best remedy for all of them – Anti Squali (Anti Sharks). A mix of lavender, peppermint and geranium.

Others… pus under the skin

Sore on the top of the head…

Ringworm!

In Timbuktu Anti Sharks heals all of these disturbs – one does not even have to know what is the disease, just to use the remedy. It must be used in olive oil (60 drops per 50 ml of oil) three times a day after washing the shaved head with soap. After the first day, inflammation, itching and pain disappear and by the third day the regression of sores becomes visible.

A traditional therapist told me that along with ointment they also give a remedy to drink because this disease comes from the stomach. So, besides Anti Squali oil, I always prescribe a piece of sugar with three drops of this essence before going to sleep to sufficiently grown children (the taste is not good).
In two or three weeks the healing is complete.

Anti Sharks is used for all disturbs that result in itching such as scalp diseases or that produce infection and pus (like the case of Ibrahim, see previous post). It has been the remedy that I used more than any other in Timbuktu.

Monday, July 05th, 2010 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar


The streets of Timbuktu in a day of sand wind

For a long time doctors have observed strange epidemics of non contagious diseases, for example rheumatism or ulcer. Cosmo–geological causes have been assumed -  that means solar winds or the fluctuations of terrestrial magnetic field. Two years ago in Timbuktu the major disturb I was asked to cure were haemorrhoids. A real epidemic disease. So when I returned this year I brought with me a big supply of a truly miraculous remedy for this problem – the essential oil of cypress.

Use it in its pure form of essential oil (although a bit hot) or diluted in olive oil (40 drops for 8 ml), it has to be used externally every time one goes to toilet. One should clean oneself with water instead of paper tissues, and then apply the product. Results are rapid and definitive.

But when I arrived in Timbuktu I found an epidemic headache. In majority of cases it was caused by sinusitis. In order to recognize this, it is enough to knock with the tips of a finger on the arch of eyebrows. If patient feels pain, the Para nasal sinuses are inflamed.
The sand winds that sweep the city all year lift the dirty dust of the streets and are the obvious cause of this epidemic disease. Sewers pour out in the streets, and everyone spits on the ground.

The dust of Timbuktu is a real poison and it is not a surprise that women and children, who do not wear the turban with which men wrap their head, are the most affected by all respiratory diseases included sinusitis. However I wonder why two years ago, when hygienic situation in Timbuktu was the same, this epidemic was not an issue. Two things have changed in the city – the gigantic “Orange” telephone antenna and the taste of tap water that smells of a chemical product that is not chlorine. Maybe bleach. Right away I suspected the water because I also had the headache starting from the first days.

 However with aromatherapy the solution to migraine and sinusitis is the same and simple – it is the essential oil of peppermint. It is applied on painful places, eyebrows, temples, cranium or also neck because many headaches can have as origin a problem of neck vertebras and muscles. Peppermint has an immediate effect on the symptoms of sinusitis (headache, nose congestion of and inflamed Para nasal cavities.
With long-term use as a symptomatic cure, this essential oil also works on the cause of the disease until it resolves it definitively. In Timbuktu, however, I obtained straight away long lasting results that I could not have obtained with peppermint alone by using also acupuncture needles on eyebrows.

I went along experimenting the use of aromatherapy and acupuncture together with other problems such as arthritis and back pains with very good results.

Acupuncture needles and essential oils for headache

Friday, July 02nd, 2010 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

One of the most frequent problems for which people of Timbuktu came to me was toothache.

In Timbuktu dentist is an unaffordable luxury for almost everyone. This fact accompanied by the loss of Islamic traditions, including cleaning teeth five times a day with a brush stick has caused an enormous problem of oral hygiene with dramatic cases of infections and great affliction amongst children and adults.

 With aromatherapy the solution to the pain is rather simple – one drop of clove on caries has an immediate analgesic effect. Besides, frequent use of this essence can remove tooth infections and stop caries.

 The problem which I stumbled upon was how to put the drop on the tooth when it’s on the upper part of the jaw and how to allow the patient to continue the treatment for next few days alone. Putting the head upside down is not practical and to treat every person in this way would take too much time.

The solution is there – put 50ml of water and 9 drops of essential clove oil in an empty bottle; shake energetically and pour the remedy with which you will rinse your mouth in the bottle cap.

In the case of  Ibrahim, the essence of clove was used in this very way. He could hardly open the mouth and talked with difficulty when he first came, but the grave infection resistant to the antibiotics was resolved thanks to the Anti Shark essence (Lavender, Geranium, Pepermint). It was  used pure on the swollen jaw and neck every day when he visited me, and he applied by himself a dilution with olive oil when he was home.

After a week I had him use the essence in internal use, 3 drops on a sugar 2 times daily. Anti Sharks is the  best essence against all types of inflammations and local infections. It penetrates deeply and brings immediate relief. 

AbdesSalaam Attar
Medico Profumiere

Dopo 10 giorni di aromaterapia, la gioia ritrovata

Friday, July 02nd, 2010 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

soir

I really did not  choose to become a natural perfumer or to make exclusively natural perfumes. I noticed from the beginning that I could  successfully use natural essences to cure myself while chemical ingredients, which I also used to wear undiluted on the skin caused me allergies and heavy headaches.

 Or at least naturalty was not my initial choice. I started with ingredients that the public clamored for – musk, amber, violet, sandal, rose, patchouli and so on, but I was always searching for something better, for the most beautiful smells, and soon I recognized that which I was searching for in natural essences.

I chose to make natural perfumes as someone chooses to work with precious metals and rare gems instead of plastic and pearls of colored glass. From the aesthetic point of view I could have considered to insert synthetic aromas into my natural compositions but there were two things that prevented me from doing so.
The first was my experience with allergies and with the inconvenience they caused. The second was that I wanted only the best, and in the world of scents the best simply means the natural.

An emerald is more beautiful than a piece of green glass, it is not a question of taste, but of knowledge. Costume jewelry of glass is loved by children and girls, it makes scene with a small price and there are real masterpieces of costume jewelry made with common materials, but the real ladies wear real jewels and a bride would never accept anything else than a golden ring and an eternal diamond.

There are many things that jewelers cannot do with their stunning materials – for example the gorgeous glass windows of cathedrals are not made out of rubies, emeralds or gold, but of colored glass and lead. However altar vases are made of gold with mounted gemstones, and crowns of kings and queens that step up on it to be consecrated are priceless unique jewels.

The commercial perfumery has a right to it’s existence as much as costume jewelry of colored glass and plastic does. Until it does not poison the public…with IFRA (International Fragrance Association) certified ingredients.

AbdesSalaam Attar
Composer Perfumer

Category: Natural Perfumery  | 2 Comments
Friday, July 02nd, 2010 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

Bokiat

Our customs change as generations pass but the words of our language remain, some of them taking a different meaning or even becoming misleading.
A century ago perfumes were largely used on handkerchiefs, scarves and gloves rather than on the skin as they are today.
There is a big difference between thinking about “the perfume is my dress” and “the perfume is myself”.
“The perfume that is myself” is worn on the skin and becomes part of one’s body, while “the perfume that dresses me” is worn on the clothes that dress us.

The animal pheromones originally used in perfumery are designed by nature to be long lasting. They are territorial sexual pheromones that male animals leaves on a territory in order to draw a boundary for other males and at the same time seduce females of their specie.

Being fragrant, they are perfumes by all effects and these aromatic chemical compounds have been designed  not only to resist time but also bad weather, sun, cold and rain.
They have the characteristics of emanating pure sensuality and of being extremely persistent. Double advantage for the perfumers of the past who made a lavish use of them. Liked by the animals (certainly evolved) that we are and able to give to fragrances a durability that is synonymous with quality, these are the pheromones of original perfumery; Civet, Castoreum, Ambergris, bee’s wax, Hyraceum, muskdeer ecc…

There is one problem though.

Pheromones have been created by animal kingdom to be squirted on the rocks, trees, leaves, but not on the human skin.
The animal fixative that functioned so well for the perfumes sprayed on handkerchiefs does not make anything for the modern perfume worn on the skin.
Castoreum, Civet and others last much less than patchouli or ylang ylang on our neck or our wrists.

In spite of this, the fixative myth, cultivated with care by fragrances’ manufacturers, protracts until these days.
And yet Guy Robert, the famed composer of Madame Rochas, Diorissimo and many other renowned perfumes, says: “The durability of a perfume is not easy to achieve, and nobody knows how to do it. I hate and find stupid the idea of fixatives.” (Google: Guy Robert “Biogenesis of a perfume”)

Still synthetic musk, Ambroxan or Cetalox, (so called synthetic ambers), or even chemical Castoreum have an exceptional durability on the skin, like Calone and other molecules of the laboratory. Why? It  is simply due to their incompatible nature with the human body. Disposed off with difficulty by the organism, they willingly accumulate in the natural filters of the body, skin, brain, liver, kidneys and so on, with easily deducible consequences.

These new molecules, mainly inexistent in nature, have the durability, but not the fixative properties. The fixation of a perfume, so difficult to obtain and so mysterious according to Guy Robert, permits the whole scent to protract in time. In a manner of speaking, it binds the elements together, while synthetic molecules only last longer than the rest of the perfume, thus becoming entirely the flat bottom of the fragrance – the only smell that remains after some hours.

In order to go back to the pure joy of wearing perfumes that are not outrageously invading or persistent until nausea, we should perhaps return to the philosophy of  “the perfume that dresses me”  instead of  “the perfume that is myself”, and start using more natural perfumes, wearing them on our dresses instead of our skin?
We could think that much more is requested to a scent that has to emanate the essence of our  personality than to a scent that has just to dress our personality. It should be first of all completely exclusive because every person is completely different from all others. But in reality it is not so at all, perfumes are mass production items.

This is why fashion manufactures stereotypes, epochal archetypes to not say seasonal ones, in which each can identify himself not as an unique and unrepeatable person, but as a member of a club, a cast, an elite, a group.
The model proposed is always the same – seduction, luxury and sex. A rather reduced vision not only of the perfume itself, but above all of being a human.
The advertising of perfumes often seems to have been conceived by a team of philosophically hermaphrodite cocaine addicts.

Our philosophical models change as our customs change and the result for our perfumes is that they are becoming more and more like chemical soups sold in a strike of media-psycho persuasion.

The housewife gets convinced to wear a perfume in order to feel like the young beautiful slim model in the advertising.
The model is very unique person, but the perfume is a mass product that will be worn by millions of individuals.
Before you realise that  instead of attracting the opposite sex your perfume acts as a repellent to persons with good taste, a hundred new fragrances made to seduce just for another season will be advertised in order to keep alive the fraud of   “the perfume that is myself”.

Perhaps should we return to the original philosophy of  “the perfume that dresses me”,  maybe just to be able to choose a different model than one of  “seduction, luxury and sex” that has become the “one way thought” of modern perfumery.

Wednesday, September 16th, 2009 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

the_guide_turin_sanchez 

It is always a pleasure to speak with Luca, of course I did not ask him directly why he and Tania had stopped but rather I expressed how much I missed his reviews.

He told me that I could not imagine how boring and deluding it was to smell 2000 perfumes a year, 1500 of which were totally inept.

I imagine he would love to write epic reviews about great fragrances, about perfumes that would inspire to him new parables and analogies, that would make him imagine new words and concepts, that would allow him use his great culture to describe the subtle and strange harmonies of scents. Instead of that he became tired of always having to find new “vacheries” (nastinesses) for products of fine perfumery barely worthy of being shampoo fragrances.

“At least shampoo producers do not pretend to make fine perfumery, this is making a joke of the customers” he said.

“There is a new perfume called Scarlet, it is so ugly that I prefer to have tooth ache rather than smelling it”

“The perfumers have to deliver always cheaper perfumes at always shorter notice, such as 2 weeks, they have no idea at all”

 “The industry cannot go ahead like this, something will happen.”

For those who love to read Luca and wonder why he stopped writing about perfumes, the answer is very simple, he has lost interest in the perfumes that are produced nowadays. Life being short, perfumes being just perfumes and love being greater, I think he found a better outlet to concretize his creative genius and to live intensely the moment.

Saturday, June 13th, 2009 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

Two different olfactory theories. Do we smell the shapes or the vibrations of molecules?
Explained in a brilliant humoristic way by Luca Turin himself.

Wednesday, February 04th, 2009 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

 

 

Sailing towards new horizons

For the English interview just click  HERE

The interview features Natural perfumery aims, ethics and philosophy.

AbdesSalaam Attar interview with Raphaella Barkley

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Below the Japanese version of the interview.

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Tuesday, February 03rd, 2009 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

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 アブデスサラーム、あなたのウェブサイトやブログは本当に内容が充実していますね。多種多様な商品の紹介ページのほかにもさまざまなトピックを掘り下げた記事が満載で、ついつい時間を忘れて読みふけってしまいます。さて、まずはあなたの創造した香りについてお話しいただけますか。

 人間のようなちっぽけな生き物に、「創造」という言葉は大きすぎます。私は何ひとつ創造などしていません。たとえば、花は芳香を放ちますが、その香りは、花が何もないところから「創造」したものではありません。太陽の力を借りながら、さまざまな分子に手を加えたり、空気や土壌のなかにもともと存在している原子を組み合わせたりすることによって、あの美しい香りを創り出しているのです。

 天然香水の調香師は、DJにたとえられるでしょうか。大自然が創造主を讃えて歌うメロディを組み合わせ、重ね合わせて、新たなメロディを生み出すのです。

 あるいは、香りという言語を使って物語や叙事詩を書く文筆家にたとえることもできるかもしれません。自然のなかに存在する香りにはひとつひとつ意味があり、その意味が私たちの心に語りかけてきます。

 しかし、作家を前にして、あなたの最新の「創造物」は何ですかとは尋ねないでしょう。どんな本をお書きになりましたかときくはずです。

 相手が画家や音楽家なら、最新の「作品」を話題にするでしょう。ベートーベンは交響曲を作曲し、ドストエフスキーは小説を執筆しました。なのになぜ、ローダニエルは香水を「創造した」ことになるのか、私にはよく理解できません。ですから、私の行為にも「創造」という身に余る言葉を使わないでいただければ幸いです。

2 あなたが進めている嗅覚に関する研究はどのようなものですか。

 嗅覚心理学とその理論の実践を研究しています。実践の例としては、店舗などでの販売促進を目的とした「アロママーケティング」、ロバート・ティスランドが開発・提唱した「サイコアロマテラピー」、ホルモン分泌や自律神経系の不調解消のための「パフューマセラピー」、「アロマティックサイコセラピー」などがあります。

3 嗅覚心理学について詳しく教えてください。読者にとってももっとも興味深いトピックだと思います。

香り、香水とは、心理学そのものと言えるでしょう。嗅覚の研究は天体物理学に似ています。人間の心や嗅覚記憶を数値化できる観測機器は存在しません。すべて理論によって分析するしかないのです。

 人間の嗅覚を司っているのは脳です。まだ特定されてはいませんが、脳のどこかに、動物としての嗅覚と人間としての知性のぶつかり合い――すなわち、本能と理性の衝突を回避するメカニズムが存在しています。

 嗅覚心理学の目的は、異なった香りや匂いに対する人間の反応を理解することです。ひとつ、とても興味深い実験をご紹介しましょう。新生児にさまざまな匂いを嗅がせてみるというものです。赤ん坊の表情の変化を観察していると、匂いによって異なった感情が読み取れることがわかります。楽しげににこにこすることもあれば、嫌悪や怒りを示すこともあります。好奇心や強い関心を示す場合もあります。この実験から、人間は生まれつき、特定の匂いに対して特定の感情や反応を示すようプログラムされていることがわかります。

 嗅覚心理学のゴールは、嗅覚と心を結んでいるメカニズムを解明することなのです。

4 天然香料についてお話しいただけますか。あなたは日ごろから天然香料に囲まれて暮らしていらっしゃるわけですね。ご自身の表現をお借りすれば、天然香料に「どっぷり浸かって」毎日を過ごしていらっしゃる。とても興味を惹かれます。

 ゲストをお迎えして、お茶をお出しするとしましょう。私はジンジャーやカーダモンのエッセンスをほんの1滴ずつ、みなさんのグラスに垂らします。ビスケットが運ばれてきたら、グレープフルーツのエッセンスをひと吹きしたりもします。コカ・コーラにレモンのエッセンスを2滴ほど加えてみた経験はおありですか? まるで別の飲み物のようになって、驚かれることと思いますよ。そして私は大まじめな顔でゲストにこう宣言します。「自分が使っている香料を口に入れようとしない調香師を信頼してはいけません」

 私はほぼ毎日、エッセンシャルオイルの力を借りて、子どもや友人など、誰かしらの心身の不調を和らげています。天然香水に使われる香料は単なる「匂い」ではありません。「マテリア・メディカ」――古くから処方されている医薬品でもあるのです。

 香水を求めて私を訪ねてくる人々もいれば、何らかの療法を求めてやってくる人々もいます。私が開催している天然香水講座のレベル3のコースでは、アロマテラピーを専門に取り上げています。

 天然香水の調香師は、歩いたあとに香りの川を残します。そして、いつも香りに恋をしています。調香師にとって香りとは、心に喜びをもたらし、精神の健康を支えてくれる存在なのです。天然香水の調香師は天然香料に「どっぷり浸かっている」というのは、そういう意味です。

5 あなたのサイトにあるアンバーグリスの商品紹介ページや解説記事をたいへん興味深く拝読しました。アンバーグリスのティンクチャーや未加工のアンバーグリスもオンラインで購入できるようですね。

 天然のアンバーグリスの香りに触れることは、動物香料や天然フェロモンという禁断の地に足を踏み入れることを意味します。この禁断の地には、ほかにカストリウムやシベット、ハニービー、ヒラセウムなどがあって、これらは現在でも入手は可能ですが、実際に調香に組みこむ調香師はまれにしかいません。こういった芳香物質は、五大陸すべての伝統医学で処方されていますし、香料としても5000年前から使われてきました。

 一方で、これらの動物香料の本質とも言えるフェロモンを科学が発見したのは、いまからほんの50年ほど前のことです。フェロモンがあらゆる生物の生殖活動において重要な役割を果たしていることを考えると、これはじつに意外な事実ではないでしょうか。

 私たちはいまに至っても、嗅覚について何ひとつ知らないも同然なのです。調香師にとって、ヒトのフェロモンの研究は、たいへん興味深いものです。ふだん調香に使っている植物性香料の一部、たとえばサンダルウッドやブラックカラント、クミン、カカオ、アンブレットシード、バニラといった香料にも、フェロモンに似た分子の存在を嗅ぎ取ることができるからです。こういった香料が多くの人々を魅了する理由、催淫性を持つとされる所以もおそらくそこにあるのでしょう。

 二十世紀の調香師たちと同じく、私も、これらの香料が含まれていない香水より、含まれている香水のほうが広く好まれやすいことを経験から知っています。

 といっても、私の香水のすべてに動物香料が使われているわけではありません。さまざまな嗜好を持つ大勢の顧客に、選択の機会を用意しておきたいからです。とはいえ、植物性と動物性の両方の香料を含んだ香水は、私たちの嗅覚にまったく新しい次元から働きかけます。

 私はそういった香水を「3Dの香水」と呼んでいます。子どものころ、3D画像が見えるおもちゃが流行しましたね。双眼鏡のなかにスライドが入っていて、のぞきこむと、写真が立体的に見えるというものでした。仕組みは簡単です。別々の角度から撮影された2枚の画像を、左右の目がそれぞれ知覚します。2種類の画像データを受け取った脳は、ふたつを合成し、3D画像として認識するわけです。3Dの香水の仕組みもまったく同じです。植物性の次元と動物性の次元が溶け合って、3Dの香りが生み出されるのです。

6 「香道 魂の香り」の各香水の紹介文も、それぞれの香りのイメージが鮮やかに伝わってくるすばらしいものですね。

 調香はもちろん、説明文の執筆も、ブランド創始当初から私自身が手がけています。「魂の香り」の商品一覧ページには、調香の古いものから順に香水が並んでいます。最初の香りを世に送り出してから20年ほどになりますが、調香はどれも発売当初からまったく変えていません。

 紹介文は、それぞれの香水を試した数千の人々の反応を見ながら手直しを加えてきました。そういった人々の反応の観察は、私にとっては嗅覚心理学研究の第一歩でもありました。

7 調香師という職業に求められる倫理や哲学についてどうお考えですか。

 どんな分野であれ、入門者がまず最初に学ぶべきことは、その職業における倫理と哲学です。

 かのゲランが調香師の卵たちに与えたアドバイスは、現代の調香師が従うべき倫理観を端的に言い表しています。ただ、私の耳には、天然香水の調香師が最低限、備えておくべき心構えとしか聞こえませんが。ゲランのアドバイスとはこうです。「シンプルな構想を描いて、それを忠実に再現すること。品質において妥協せず、優れた商品を送り出すこと」。「魂の香り」の品質基準はこれよりはるかに厳格です。

 ゲランはこうも言っています。「私の香水はすべて、実在の女性――個人的に大切に思っている女性のために『創造』されたものです」

 この言葉は、私が生徒にまず最初に教える根本原則ととみごとに一致しています――「ビスポーク(カスタムメイド)香水の製作こそ、調香を学ぶ絶好の場であり、調香師としての使命である」。

 実在する(=リアルな)誰かのために作られた、リアルな香水。これが私の哲学です。本物の(=リアルな)香料――本物のバラや本物のレモン――だけで作られた香水。これが私の倫理です。

 私は現代に生きるすべての人にビスポーク香水が必要だと考えています。となると、いまよりもっとたくさんの調香師が必要だということにもなりますね。少なくとも、医師と同じくらいの数の調香師がいなくては対応しきれないでしょう。しかし現状では、調香師よりも国家の指導者のほうが多いくらいです。現代社会にはまず、香水に関する意識革命が必要なようです。

 もし学校に音楽の授業がなかったら、ミュージシャンの数はきっといまよりずっと少ないでしょう。あなたの知り合いに、「ドレミファソラシド」を歌えない人がひとりでもいますか? 私たちはみな、学校で音楽の基礎を教わりました。しかし、香りに関する教育はまったく行なわれていません。

 日本には、香道という神秘的な芸道があります。これは香りの禅のようなものです。またヘブライ文化では、五感のうち、嗅覚を除く4つは肉体に喜びを与え、嗅覚は魂に喜びをもたらすためにあるとされています。

 香りをスピリチュアルな観点からとらえる考えかたもあります。香水への愛は魂がもともと持っている性質で、またその源はスピリチュアルな喜びと失われたエデンの探求にあるというものです。香水のスピリチュアリティは、世界中の宗教的伝統に深く根ざしているのです。

 しかし、日本の香道でさえ、現代の天然香水の調香師にとってはスタートラインにすぎません。

 香道をヒントにして、私は学校向けの嗅覚教育基本プログラムを考案しました。内容はとてもシンプルで、簡単に言ってしまえば、「調香師になるための3ステップ」を教えるものです。

 幼い子どもが革新的な香水を作り出すことは珍しくないんですよ。先入観と無縁だからでしょうね。

 香水作りは料理に似ています。調香師はみな料理好きと言っても過言ではないでしょう。反面、シェフがみな香水を作るとはかぎりません。理由は単純です。調香師はみな自宅に鍋やフライパンを持っていますが、シェフはピペットや香料を持っていないからです。

 女性はいともやすやすと香水を調合します。ホルモンバランスを保つために、日ごろから嗅覚が重要な役割を果たしているためでしょう。

 良質な香料さえあれば、優れた香水は簡単に作れます。まさに料理と同じなのです。ほんのいくつか、質のいい食材がそろえば、高級レストランの料理にも負けない逸品を作ることも可能でしょう。「匂いの帝王」ルカ・トゥリンはこれを「シンプレキシティ」――「単純さ(シンプリシティ)」と「複雑さ(コンプレキシティ)」を合わせた造語――と読んでいます。しかし、風味のないトマトや古くなってしなびた玉ねぎを使っていては、絶対に美味しいソースはできません。私はいつも生徒にこう言っています。「完成した香水の質は、使われた香料の質に等しい」と。

 香水作りは、一般に考えられているほど難しいものではありません。これもまた料理と同じです。料理をする全員がシェフになるわけではありませんが、どんな人でも美味しい料理を作ることはできます。ひとつハードルがあるとすれば、その人の性格でしょうね。ためらうことなくゴール目指して突っ走ることができるか、満足のいく結果を得られたら、その時点で立ち止まることができるか。ゲランが言ったように、「シンプルな構想を描き、それを忠実に再現すること」が何より重要なのです。

 天然香水の世界では、真に優れた香水を作るのに、何十、何百もの香料は必要ありません。ほとんどの天然香料がそれ自体ひじょうに複雑で、トップノートからベースノートまでの要素を備えているからです。天然香水の調香師の前に立ちはだかる唯一の壁は、オリジナリティでしょう。ただ、ビスポーク香水を作る際には、調香を依頼した顧客という無限のインスピレーションの源が与えられているわけです。

 香水がお好きなら、天然香料を使って自分で簡単に香水を作れることをぜひ知っておいていただきたいですね。ご友人のために香水を作ることだってできるのですよ。そうやって自作した香水は、一般に販売されている香水よりも、その人にとってずっと優れたものになるです。

 調香師アーニャ・マッコイはこう言っています。「フランス人でなく、しかも伝統的な調香教育を受けていない一般の人々が、これほど簡単に香料を入手したり、(インターネットや短期講座や書籍を活用して)調香の勉強をしたりできる環境が整った時代は、歴史上初めてでしょう」

 私が運営するウェブサイトやブログのサイトの一番の目的は、啓発です。あなたが私のサイトやブログを気に入ってくださったとうかがって、たいへんうれしく思いました。香水作りはもちろん楽しいものですが、私がライフワークとしているのは、サイトを通じて、香りに関する知識や香水についての私の哲学を広く知ってもらうことだからです。ラファエラ、どうか12月から始まる天然香水講座に出席してください。いまお話ししたことはすべて本当だと納得していだたけるはずです。

8 ご自身の香水のなかに、お気に入りはありますか。

 私の個性がもっとも色濃く反映されているのは、おそらく「グリンゴ(Gringo)」だと思います。とはいえ、私の香水は、本物のマイソール産サンダルウッドやローズオットーといった自然の香水が持つ完成度には遠く及びません。

9 ウード(沈香)とサンダルウッド(白檀)についてうかがいます。ここ何年か、サンダルウッドの現状を見守ってきましたが、とても残念な結末を迎えつつあるようですね。

 マイソール産サンダルウッドは、もう何年も前からマスマーケット向けの香水には使われていません。私自身はオーストラリア産のサンダルウッドを好んで使います。マイソール産よりも少量で、サンダルウッドのハートノートを強く香らせることができるからです。2つの違いは、マイソール産にはある高貴なベースノートが、オーストラリア産にはないという点だけです。マイソール産サンダルウッドのすばらしさは、単体でりっぱに香水として楽しめることでしょう。しかし、現在、この楽しみはごく限られた人々の特権になってしまいました。マイソール産サンダルウッドの精油の生産はまもなく終わりを迎えることになりそうです。インドはサンダルウッドの伐採の規制に失敗したのです。

 一方、ウードは太古の昔から伝説であり神秘でした。古代では王だけが使うことを許されていました。アラビア半島では社会的地位の象徴とされています。また日本の香道では、香として焚かれ、その香りを聞く者を瞑想に誘います。良質のウードは産出量がひじょうに少なく、したがってひじょうに高価です。ウードとは、病気や害虫の攻撃に対する防御反応の結果として樹木が木の内部に樹液をためた結果、作られるもので、薬品としての効能も併せ持つことは容易に想像できるでしょう。自生地によっては、ウードを産出する樹木は絶滅の危機に瀕しています。近年始まった沈香木の栽培が成功して、野生の樹木から採取されるウードと同等の品質の香料がこの先も生産され続けることを期待するしかありません。

10 新しい香水のインスピレーションはどんなところから見いだしていますか。

 インスピレーションが私を見つけるのです。私がインスピレーションを見つけるのではありません。

 ほとんどの場合、ビスポーク香水の製作の依頼者がインスピレーションをもたらしてくれます。私はそのアイデアを「忠実に再現する」だけです。

11 これまでに経験したもっとも驚くべき香りは?

 ある人にガラスのボウルいっぱいに入ったトリュフを嗅がせてもらったことがあります。その人がボウルの蓋を取り、私は鼻をボウルに近づけました。その瞬間、脳にパンチを食らったような衝撃を受けました。あれほど驚くべき香りはほかに知りません。

12 ここまでにうかがったこと以外に、読者に伝えたいことはありますか。

 20世紀の初めまで、香水はすべて天然の香料から作られ、持続性を高めるために、衣服やハンカチにつけて使われていました。天然香料は貴重で高価で入手が難しく、またそれ自体が生きているので、肌に塗るとたちまち吸収されてしまうからです。

 持続性の問題は、別の理由からも、天然香水の欠点と言えるでしょう。ほんの数分のうちに鼻が慣れてしまって、香りを感じ取れなくなるからです。といっても、香りが消えてしまうわけではありませんので、ご心配なく。周囲の人々にはちゃんと香っていますから。

 レストランのようなものだと考えると、理解しやすいかもしれません。レストランの扉を開けた瞬間は、そこにあるあらゆる匂いを嗅ぎ取ることができます。前の日に揚げたポテトフライの匂いまでわかるかもしれません。ところが、席に案内されて何分か過ぎるころには、新しく運ばれてきた料理の香りのほかには何の匂いもしなくなっているはずです。人間は、鼻ではなく、脳で匂いを感じているからです。私たちの脳は、新たな匂いが接近してくるたびに、数分前からあった匂いを押し出し式に無視していくのです。

 人工香料を使った香水の香りを一日中感じていられるのは、それが優れているからではなく、私たちの嗅覚を攻撃し続けているからです。そういった理由から、人工香料を使ったものであれ、天然香料だけのものであれ、香水は、かつてそれが紳士淑女のたしなみであったように、衣類やハンカチにつけるのがもっとも適切な使いかたであると言えるでしょう。

Saturday, December 27th, 2008 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

Love for perfumes and spirituality go together, at least in the tradition of Islam.

Very much unlike the idea of Serge Luthens for whom perfume is an expression of decadence and sensuality, the prophetic traditions of the three monotheistic religions, in their ritual as well as in their mystics, have given to us many clues about the direct relation that exists between the spiritual reality of men and their olfactory capacity.

Starting with the Hebrew mysticism, because it springs from the prophet Abraham who is not only the spiritual but also the biological forefather of Moses, Jesus and Mohammad, the sense of smell is described as the only one giving pleasure to the soul, while all other senses give pleasure to the body.

The following traditions explain my point, which is that the best of mankind, the founders of faiths, had a sense of smell that allowed them to sense what other people could not.

The following examples come directly from the Muslim tradition, particularly from the Quran.

Jesus used to surprise people when he was a child, describing to them what they had eaten in their houses, and the evident explanation is that he could smell it, as this often happens to me and you, when people have eaten fried foods, for example.

Nevertheless this ability of Jesus was so stunning to people because he would tell them everything they had eaten, including the foods that none could have smelled. This was quite disturbing for the co nationals of Jesus because the rules regulating the foods are extremely strict in Hebraism and many were not following them strictly. Jesus was not just telling them what they had eaten but what forbidden foods they had eaten.

Salomon had been taught the language of all living creatures. Once he passed with his army by a very big ant community. Feeling the footsteps of his legions, the ants became alarmed and called each other “get back under earth otherwise Salomon’s army will smash you under their feet”.

Then Salomon, hearing this, laughed (Quran).

How could Salomon hear their voices? Because he could smell their language. Insects communicate essentially through a chemical language, they produce pheromones, and among them alarm pheromones. With this device, a tiny insect of 2 mm can send his message to others over long distances. This is what the antennas of insects are: noses for chemical (aromatic) messages.
Salomon’s nose was so sensitive that he could smell these pheromones with which insects communicate, and knew their meaning. He could not speak to the ants, but knew their language.

Jacob had become blind from the disappearance of his beloved son Joseph.
After many years the whole bunch of his 12 brothers were forced by famine to get out of the desert to find wheat in Egypt.

Joseph had become the vizier of Pharaoh and was his in minister of agriculture. They did not recognize him but he did recognize them. At last he revealed himself to them on their third travel to Egypt, and said to them: go back to our father and throw this shirt of mine onto his face. He will recover his sight.
So when the caravan approached jacob’s tent he said: “I can smell the smell of Joseph”. In fact the sense of smell of blind people becomes particularly acute, but not to this point. Jacob was a prophet and like Jesus or Salomon he could smell what other people cannot smell.

His sons said “this is your old folly about Joseph that overtakes you again”.
But there came the sons who had been to Joseph, and when they threw the shirt onto his face his blindness was cured. This is how the nose can cure other organs of our body. It is a great sorrow that had made him blind. The nose can bring powerful emotions and the smell of Joseph procured him a joy so great that it cured the blindness caused by the sorrow of his loss.

The prophet Muhammad who had been orphaned at the age of six, whose only children were daughters, whose first convert was a woman, who said that his most beloved person was his wife and who replied once “the best among you is the one kinder to his family”, said: “Three things of this world were made dear to my heart: prayer, perfume and feminine gender”.

The Muslims were thus enjoined the use of perfume for the ritual Friday prayer, this is why the art of perfumes, born in India was developed by the Arabs in the same way as they assimilated and developed the science of medicine from the Greeks.

But as we know well with aromatherapy, between perfume and medicine there is not really a frontier and the forgotten figure of the perfumer-healer is rising again from the art of the natural perfumery. The Natural perfumer of today does not have the spiritual dimension that often surrounded the antique perfumer, but he has a psycho-therapeutic role of healer of the minds with his perfumes, because we can say that a scent that makes you feel good when you are depressed has actually cured you.

Friday, October 17th, 2008 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

Civet easily becomes a pet, but stay away from his bottom

Whoever smelled pure Civet for the first time has wondered how such an odor could enter into a perfume bottle. My first impression was the smell of rotten tooth.

It takes some training to be able to understand Civet perfume, one has to overcome the social olfactory programming that make us classify straight away this odor among stenches.

An infinitesimal dose of Civet can double the longevity of short lived fragrances, and although being in amount so little as to be subliminal, it also confers to fragrances a new olfactory dimension, the animal one, and our instinct recognizes it immediately.

This is the explanation why the public often prefers the scent that contains civet or other perfumery pheromones over scents who do not have them.

Human sweat can be a very interesting smell to a perfumer. The perfumer smells with an unprejudiced nose, or at least he can recognize the origin of his liking or not certain smells.

Moreover, a perfumer is always attentive to the reactions of people to smells, because his aim is to build scents that people will like (and buy).

Human sweat tells you what a person eats, his state of health and also much about his sexual life. Most of these things we perceive with our animal instinct and it is not intellectualized, but our behavior towards this person is conditioned by these information.

Making perfumes with human sweat has often been contemplated by pervert perfumers. If Civet and Castoreum have such an effect on our instinct, what could human pheromones do for a perfume?

I shall here share my experience in regard of human sweat and natural perfumes.

I always have my natural perfumes and the essential oils at hand, being a perfumer and I have discovered an interesting phenomenon.

If you happen to be in the need of washing your armpits and you are too much in a hurry to do it, you should try to spray a natural perfume. The result is unexpectedly good.

Armpit smell disappears and blends into the perfume which becomes richer and more persistent. The essential oils that compose the perfume have an antiseptic effect and cut drastically the bacterial fauna which is responsible for the smell (see inquest into human pheromones).

Poeple react very positively to such a perfume.

You have both a deodorant and a perfuming effect.

I seems that we have found the best sustainable alternative to animal scents in perfumery.

You can try: Hindu Kush, Tambour and sea wood for a perfect animalic blend with your human sweat.

Write me your feed back, they are most welcome.

Comments:

By Valeria

I’m an aromatherapist and a natural perfume maker. I feel unconfortable to say that I am a perfumist ’cause I’m talking to real ones. I got this experience since last year when I had a kind of inflamation in my left armpit. In view of this fact, I could not use an antibacterial powder that I use since I was a teenager. I went to the doctor who said that I shouldn’t use anything in there. Lucky me! I had the tools “staring at me” and of course, time had come to make it work on my behalf. I made a perfume with tea tree (’cause of its antibacterial function) + lavender + petit grain with a litlle of alcool and clean water and started to use it under my armpit as deodorant. It was awesome! From that moment on I started selling much more perfume than I used to in view of the fact that people reacted in an unexpected way. The same people who liked my perfumes started to love it! And people who didn’t care about them (at least they seemed to) started to pay attention on them, commenting and better than that, buying! Another thing that I had noticed and that you said confirms my theory that perfumes are much better before you take a shower than after this. The scent is stronger and more permanent. Loved to “hear” it. Science and intuition go together! Thanks for it! Valéria
Friday, October 17th, 2008 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

New essential oils are just arriving to me from Australia, Eco Sandalwood and Fire Tree.

Australian Sandalwood is precious to me as a substitute to Mysore Sandalwood. Not only a minor quantity is enough to have the top and heart note of Sandalwood in a fragrance, but it costs also a lot less than the Mysore.
It does not have the clean and very special drydown of the Mysore, but this is not very important because the delicate smell of the Mysore sandalwood dry down would be lost in most of the fragrances a perfumer can make, except if he were to use synthetic Santalol in heavy dose.
Australian Sandalwood is farmed, just like the Mysore, it’s availability is anyway limited but one may always buy a few hundred kilos if need be, while this would be very difficult with the Mysore. This is definitly an advantage for a natural perfumer who wants to be ready for big opportunities.
Australian Sandalwood contains more Farnesol than the Mysore, and this molecule can be allergenic, but this problem could appear only if it is used pure on his own.
The Eco Sandalwood does not come from cultivations but is obtained from dead branches of wild trees that are collected by the bushmen.
This Sandalwood essence has a more powerful and longer lasting fragrance, with a Sandalwood note even clearer than the conventional one.
The essence of Sandalwood, like those of many aromatic trees, becomes better with age. Apparently, the essence trapped in the old dead branches has done just that. We can consider then the Australian Eco Sandalwood as the vintage Australian Sandalwood

The Fire tree (Xanthorrhoea preissil) is an aromatic wood so loaded with essential oil that the bushmen use it as matches to light their fires. I have seen the same being done in Afghanistan, where fires are lighted with the oily perfumed Himalayan cedar wood. It burns with a black smoke as if it was soaked in gasoil.

The Fire tree has been defined by Luca Turin as “the most interesting smell of the last years”. It has a very sweet and strong fruity head smell, like apricot and myrtle. This notes goes on unchanged in the heart of the fragrance and it settles down after a day in a delicate and persistent woody fruity bottom smell.
It is indeed an interesting odor and it encounters a nearly universal positive appreciation. I am curious to present it to present it to the students at the next course, just to see how unprejudiced persons work with it.

Comments

By: Andrew
Hello AbdesSalaam Attar,
I found your blog a few weeks ago now and have been reading your articles, they are very informative! I was wondering if I could ask of your help? I am a 21 year old university student studying music in Australia. I have always been interested in cologne and perfume, and about 8 months ago I started going out with my current girlfriend Jennifer, whom I have had feelings for for years. She loves cologne, and as a gesture of my affection for her, I have started trying to make her her own unique scent. I have been researching for about 2 months now, and buying some essential oils here and there. I am starting to develop something that is..well…its ok, but I want to create something trully amazing…and something that will suit her. I understand you run a business from this so please dont think I am trying to obtain your knowledge for free or anything, more just if you can offer any words of advice at all? With no real knowledge of perfumery at all other than titbits of information on each essential oil that I can glean from the internet, it really is rather difficult. To make matters worse, Im keeping it a suprise, so I cant really ask her what oils she likes, other than trying to accidentally have them on me and see if she reacts positively to them (Im still amazed she believed the smell of clary sage was from me cooking eariler that day when I tried to judge if she would like it!)
This email is a bit disjointed sorry, Im actually in a bit of a rush to go into uni, I thought I shoudl send this now though or I will keep procrastinating and never get around to it. Thankyou for any advice you can offer at all :)

Sincerely,
Andrew Galloway

By: AbdesSalaam Attar

Ciao Andrew,
you can get some recipes of traditional colognes from the book of Dussauce:
http://www.profumo.it/internet-documents/books/index_books.htm

Friday, October 17th, 2008 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

There is a game going on at www.basenotes.net in which a journalist, Marian Bendeth, interviews a panel of modern perfumers asking them where they would go if they could travel back to the time of their choosing, to meet, chat and co-create with a perfumer of the past.

I am nobody and they would not call me, but I could not stop wondering what I would say myself if the demand was done to me. So I started to imagine where I would really like to go, as a perfumer, and in what epoch. I realized that as a perfumer as well as a person, the place, the date and the person that most of all I would love to meet coincided.
The place is the Arabic Peninsula, the date is 14 hundred years ago and the person is the Prophet of Islam himself.
Before his advent the spirituality of perfume was confined in the temples, kept as a secret by rabbis and priests, in the same way that spirituality itself was the privilege of their casts.
Muhammad (SAS) is the man who said “three things of this material world were rendered dear to my heart, the feminine gender, perfumes and prayer”. He ordered all his follower to use perfume for the Friday prayer, to perfume the dead and to use perfume (natural) as a purification for women following their monthly disturb. His numerous injunctions regarding the use of perfume promoted the culture of the spirituality of perfumes which culminated in the use of scents in the mortar used to build mosques. His well recorded teachings about the medical use of Aromatic materials have been the starting point of Islamic medicine, which is the fount from which our own modern medicine comes, even though as a simple branch and not as a natural outcome of it.

He rendered the use of perfume a religious action for all Muslims, putting directly into their hands what was previously reserved to the religious casts of priests, exactly as he called the people to call directly on their creator without the intermediary of a religious hierarchy. There is not a man in human history that made so much for bringing perfume to all than the prophet of Islam.

The demands on Basenotes are:
• If it was possible to travel back in time to any particular century and decade of your choice to meet your number one inspirational Perfumer:
• Who would you like to meet?
• What specific questions would you want to learn from them?
• If you could bring anything back with you, what would that be?
• If you could team up together in that time period, who would you like to co-create a fragrance for?
• If you could bring anything back with you, what would that be?

The person that I would go to meet, of course is the prophet himself, and for this I would renounce all the perfumes of the world.
I would bring back nothing with me, nothing material at all, the record of him would be enough to fill my life, I would have drunk from his light.
I would maybe dare to ask him to make a bespoke perfume for him, but what I would like to learn from him is not about only about perfumes and their meaning, it is justice, righteousness, truth and reality.

Friday, October 17th, 2008 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

The mysterious and mythic instrument of the perfumer, how to build it, explained step by step and illustrated with pictures.Foldable, easily transportable for working travels, this organ totally innovative is likely to become the model to all perfumers.

http://www.profumo.it/aromaterapia/Corsi/youtube_perfume/perfumer_organ.asp

Friday, October 17th, 2008 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

I received a request of help for a TV shows: what about cooking eggs with Ambergris?
An English cook (are the 2 words compatible for a French man) “recreates” dishes from the past and the show “culminates in a lavish feast”.
I do not like at all the “lavish feast” part. I just returned from Africa and hold god given food in too high a respect for appreciating it being made a show of waste for the rich.
I have seen in all my years of travelling before becoming a perfumer that humanity is divided in 2 parts: one part has problems for eating, and the other part has problems for losing weight.
I am convinced that i
f someone is hungry on earth it is only because someone else is eating his dinner.

Nevertheless, a true perfumer is always a cook as well, and this English trip tickled my French man’s curiosity. I said to my daughters: today I cook something special, the egg with ambergris.

I cooked my egg putting it in a pan with a little bit of olive oil, then I grated some ambergris on it and I covered the pan and let cook at very low fire until appears a white layer over the egg (snowy fried eggs).

We ate the egg and it was as good as usual, being happy a egg from my own happy hens, but the ambergris flavour got completely lost in that dish, and we all were fully deluded.
If that was the dish of a king, it must have been an English king (this is only the opinion of a French man though).
I was so incredulous that I started all over again, with more ambergris and taking care of cooking the ambergris even less.

Well, it is not because I am French, but this English dish is a complete flop.
A good news anyway is that Ambergris eggs seem to loosen your bowels. Was the king constipated?

Still I am opened to another English culinary experience, if someone cares to counsel me something really special.

Category: Natural Perfumery  | Tags: ,  | One Comment
Friday, October 17th, 2008 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar


Men usually prefer woody or spicy or “grassy” accords, while flowery ones are considered to be feminine scents.

My experience with perfume customers has shown me that there is a clear division between men and women scents, but many women prefer men’s perfumes while only a minority of men prefer flowery soft and romantic scents to wear.

The fact that these are sold as women perfumes stops them completely from buying and wearing them.

You would have to travel to middle east to find men wearing Jasmine and Rose perfumes without shame.

I have observed for long the people and their perfume tastes and I remarked that the more macho a man the more woody the perfume he will chose.

Flowery and sweet scents are chosen by men who have a poetical sensibility, who are kind and patient, who cultivate humility and kindness towards others as a virtue.

It is generally believed that women will prefer a macho, but this is not true, many women will value highly the flowery man because he is likely to be a sweet partner in life, trustworthy, loving and faithful.

Macho man with a super ego may seduce because he is likely to conquer his share of the world, but a woman in search of true love will not chose him because she instinctively knows that his energy and ego will push him to feminine conquests as well.

A man may use perfume as a strategy exactly as he uses his dress.

A macho man wearing flowery or a poetic man wearing woody would be irresistible in the eye of many women because their personality would be completed, and they would hold the advantages of both types.

Comments

Rashunda:

Is it also correct for me to assume that one can make a perfume sort of to “balance” a personality? For example, if someone has a very passive personality, a perfume can be designed to help exude more confidence.

AbdesSalaam Attar

You could do a lot of things with perfumes, including making people feel as you wish, but in my philosophy of making perfumes, people are at the core of the process, not as accessories, which means that personalized perfumes are not made by the perfumer but by the person who wants it. He will decide what he likes and the perfume will have the properties that this person realy needs.
As a psychologist or as a medic I could err totally judging that a person needs to be balanced in a way or in an other. The nose never errs. He is your best doctor. He knows what no one else knows about medicine and psychology.
A perfume is done with the nose, a perfume for an other person is done with his nose.
Your knowledge of psychology or medecine will help you to make perfumes, if you also know Aromatherapy and olfactory psychology, but by the end, all what is necessary to make a perfume is the nose.
Personalities are what they are, they cannot be changed. The perfume can certainly help a person overcome a weakness such as lack of confidence as you mention, but only if it has been done with the nose of the person.
AbdesSalaam Attar

Friday, October 17th, 2008 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

It is not easy to buy Ambergris even for one who knows it well.

The business is in the hand of very few people who are ready to throw millions of dollars for really big lots. They control the prices and are very fast in travelling to the finding places with the cash payment.
It is a matter of “grab and run”, that often occurs in luxury hotel rooms.
It is certainly dangerous to go around with such big amounts of money, and the life of an Ambergris hunter is surely adventurous and romantic.

Since years I am trying to sneak into the business without much success.
The others are better equipped and the only resource I have is to offer more money than them.
Therefore one should know the price that they offer, and on the other hand it is difficult to buy it too expensive because it becomes then difficult to sell it and you risk being left without money but with plenty of ambergris.
The customers are always the same, Guerlain and some of the biggest perfume houses. The arabs, the Asians and the Japanese are also very big consumers.

I have received an offer for a lot of 1,5 kg (in photo) and this is a reasonable size for me.
The investment is at my dimension and the lot is a single lump. This is important to me because I have observed that the maturation, that lasts for years, occurs in a better way in big lumps than in small pieces.
The problem is that this lot is in Australia and that it is the only country from which the export is prohibited.

I know that the French hunters manage to export it. I called the seller in Australia and he also knows that. Probably he had already contacted the French concurrent and his offer was too low. Then he called me for a better one.
“I don’t know how they do” I confessed him
“Probably they do it quietly” he answered
“Well” I said, “let us do the same, like Crocodile Dundee, after all we are in Australia”.
In the meantime I put the photo online. If someone is interested in the Ambergris business let him call me.

Friday, October 17th, 2008 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar


Amman, 1990

We were looking at the yachts and sailing boats from the high, it was near Palermo in Sicily.

My small daughter told me: “Papi, I want to buy a boat when I am grown up”.

“It is easy” I replied, “you just have to sell perfumes to the people, and do you know why it is easy? because everybody likes good smells”.

Baba Farid, one of the greatest saints of the subcontinent, ended up his life in a small village of Punjab, Pakpattan.

That was his mission. Other saints were in Dehli or Lahore, two great cities of all times, seats of power and civilization, they had thousands of disciples, and they advised kings and viziers.

He taught, fed and cured backward village folks all his life.

I spent a year or so in Pakpattan, stuck there by destiny as had been Baba Farid, and I had a lot of time for reading and studying the life of the saint.

His were simple teachings for simple people. I remember very well one of his sayings: “do not try to sell to the people what they do not want to buy”.

Our marketing geniuses have turned the problem around for their clients: “make people desire what they don’t want to buy”, but for us perfumers the point to realize is that everybody wants to smell good and to live in a nice smelling environment.

Our job of selling perfumes is much easier than the one of other producers.
There is an Arab proverb that goes like that: “A pious person is like the Perfumer, if he does not give you some perfume, at least you will enjoy his nice fumes.

The corrupt person is like the blacksmith: if he does nut burn you with his fire, at least he will suffocate you with his smoke”.

Friday, October 17th, 2008 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

A perfumer who looks for inspiration inside himself is not only necessarily very limited, but he also risks to end up into an ego trip completely incompatible with true inspiration, as by definition inspiration transcends the person who receives it.
I heard Guerlain in an interview saying: “I never “created” a perfume that was not for a woman who really existed and preferably who had a significant importance in my life”.

A real perfume is made for real persons.
The true fount of inspiration for the perfumer is the others, and it is endless.
A perfumer should consider himself as being at the service of others and not as a mythical being worth of admiration.
The worst that could happen to him is to close himself in a world of his own, loosing connection with the reality of the others.
A sound dose of humility is indispensable to be able to progress on the way of learning.

Making perfumes for single persons is practically the only road available to an independent Natural perfumer who wants to learn the art and start the profession. This should remain a constant exercise in the years in order not to loose contact with the normal persons (who are quite different with big customers of fashion and business) and above all in order to continue to receive input of new ideas.

I once told to a musician friend: “you will not be an artist until you make music that cures the people”.
The same is valid for the perfumer; his fragrances should infuse positive emotions, vital energy and restore psychological equilibrium.
This is the new frontier of modern Perfumery, but it is also a return to the antique tradition of the Healer Perfumer. It is called Perfume-Therapy.

Since years I have a form online through which anyone can choose the base notes dearest to his heart and ask me to compose his perfume.
I receive requests for accords that I would have never imagined. These accords are the expression of the deepest desires of the soul. This confrontation with the intimate taste of real persons is a continuous challenge to my professionalism and a constant fount of learning for me.

I would advice all Natural Perfumers to do something of the kind. If you are afraid to ve overcome by the requests just keep the price a bit high.
Friday, October 17th, 2008 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

We tend to believe that it is sufficient for a company to appear on a major magazine to pick up customers.

My long time experience matured with the press has shown me that this is not at all the case.
The funniest example is the last one in date, the review of a national Italian mode magazine, “Velvet” of La Repubblica.

This magazine was so kind as to send one of its reporters to one of my Natural Perfumery courses in order to unveil the mysteries of perfume “creation”. In this case I was to compose the “Velvet Perfume” together with their journalist.

The review was published in August and, thing totally unexpected to me they revealed the formula of the perfume in order to “let it smell” with the imagination to their readers.
The article occupied 3 full pages, it was unmistakable, and the journalist had been so kind as to publish our web site, our telephone number and even our address.

One million copies were put on the market and in a few days they were all gone so much that going round to buy a few copies to offer to customers I could not find any.
The magazine ends up in many waiting rooms, hair dressers shops, dentists and so on. The review had then being read by at least a million of Italian people.

The comical of the situation is that there has been just one single person to call us for inquiring about the Velvet perfume, if it was available to buy.

Papers may bring you fame, not customers.
The link to the article is: http://velvet.repubblica.it/dettaglio/Crea-il-profumo-di-Velvet/13762

Category: Natural Perfumery  | Tags:  | One Comment
Friday, October 17th, 2008 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar


Psycho-Aromatherapy is by Robert Tisserand

The perfumer invites people to smell perfumes, this can be a daily routine.I have a customer who smells the raw materials for his fragrance. I have it tried out by the barman next to my office, I diffuse scents during my didactic conferences. My pockets are always full of perfumes, I do not miss an occasion to spray them on other people’s hands, I leave behind me a sillage that stuns people who do not know me.
A perfumer never has to ask to someone what he thinks of the perfume he has just smelt it is enough for him to observe and read the faces.Facial expressions are infinite, liking, repulsion, appeals to me but I wouldn’t wear it, doubtful, skeptical, intrigued, reminds me of something long ago but I do not know what, reminds me of something that I don’t like.

At the end the expressions are only of two categories: smiling and negative.If the person smiles it means “good”, if the person does not smile she will never buy a scent that will not make her happy, unless she wants to rid of the scent and make a gift to someone.

The only way that we have to understand odors it is to go fishing into our olfactory memories for the emotions to which they are tied. A strange thing that I keep on verifying every day while making people smell scents is that they are not able to give a name to the most familiar aromas when they smell them out of their context or when they do not see the image of the object that emanates it. They say about any citrus that it is the smell of lemon, they cannot guess the name of scents such as chocolate or tobacco, and when I reveal to them the name of the aromas that they cannot name, it is for them like an illumination; True, it was so obvious! They exclaim.
This is because there are no direct connections between our primitive brain, our “crocodile brain “, and the neocortex where the center of language resides.
In order to identify a odor by its name we must first of all remember which emotions have been memorized in our olfactory memory with this smell. From these emotions we can then remember the situations in which they lived, and finally we identify the source of the smell and therefore its name.
It is curious that our mind, so intelligently sophisticated as it is, has to follows such a complicated track in order to give a name to a smell.
This is because our sense of smell has preceded our intelligence, and because in some way it is independent from it.
Friday, October 17th, 2008 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

There are different ways to initiate the composing of a new fragrance, but the spirit of it should always be one; “Kodo” the Zen of perfume.
In the Hebrew mystic it is taught that all senses give pleasure to the body while the sense of smell gives pleasure to the soul.
In the Sufi Way, each “state” is associated with a scent, and in the Semitic language the word “fragrant” is synonym to the word “good”, as if every good perfume necessarily comes from a good thing , and every good thing necessarily emanates a good perfume. As a conclusion of this we have the tradition of the “perfume of holiness” that emanates from pious people whose actions are virtuous (good).

A perfumer from the industry has to learn his base notes, their molecular structure, the story of their utilization, their preferred combinations with other ones, their making process and their eventual toxicity.
The Natural Perfumer also has to learn to know his base notes, his ingredients, the notes of his working instrument.
Natural essences are a lot more complex than the singular synthetic molecules used by the industry of mass perfumes.
The essential oil of plants is their vital spirit extracted through a basic process of Alchemy; distillation.

Basic knowledge of Phytotherapy, our ancestral medicine, is indispensable to the knowledge of the essences because the medicinal properties of plants are most often due from the essential oil they contain.
The traditional plant healer is able to understand their curative properties just observing them. Many are the clues; their shape, their growing, their reproducing, their preferred ground, their ideal climax, their reaction to aggressions and their perfume.
The natural perfumer should arrive to this intuitive knowledge, smelling an essence he should understand its medicinal properties. He shall be able to do this only because he will use them daily not only to compose perfumes but also to cure himself, his family and his friends.

In fact, practicing Aromatherapy is a natural conclusion for who composes perfumes with natural raw materials.
Essential oils are material substances to be used in Aromatherapy in drinks, foods or massages, but they are also smells, immaterial fumes, vibrations, and their aromas have on us surprising effects.
Who has not experienced, for instance, that the smell of lemon makes him salivate?
Or lived intense emotions provoked by the smelling odors from his past?
Does not each of us know how much bad smells can disturb us psychologically and how good ones can make us happy, like the aromas of food, of the forest or of the sea?

The natural perfumer must learn the psychological properties of his raw materials, and he can do that only wearing them purposely to observe on himself and on others the effects they produce.
This knowledge cannot be acquired except through personal experience and this could take a long time.
Fortunately a number of people are conducting research in the field of olfactory psychology, and the study their conclusions together with one’s own observations based on personal use of the essences will allow him who threads the “way of Scent” not only to grow rapidly in knowledge, but also to contribute himself with new discoveries, because the field of olfactory research is an unknown ocean still to be explored.

Olfactory research is not limited to the body mechanisms, it explores the infinite of human soul.

Friday, October 17th, 2008 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

I just received from South Africa a new essence that is not yet available on the international market of raw material for perfumers.
The bottle had leaked a bit and the wrapping of the parcel was perfumed.
The power of this essential oil is incredible.
Since 2 days my work place and the next room have been invaded by the fragrance of this strange mix of bubble gum and cat’s pee, although I have cleaned everything and thrown out far away the empty package and the inside wrapping.
Do you have present when you enter a room and say: I can smell a mouse?
This is the smell of the pheromone that these animals leave with their urine. It is very parent to the smell of cats urine as well.
The only essence of the perfumer’s palette which has a similar note is a good and real Black current absolute, although much more fruity in body.

This olfactory pollution of my working place has had the good result of allowing me to understand better the smell because from the bottle it is so powerful that it stuns the nose.
It has a definite undertone of Clary sage, which is as well a hormonal essence whose structure is similar to a pheromone.
It also has a slight tobacco note and understanding all this gave me an idea about how to start working (playing) with it.
Although I know that this will not please my wife and co workers who always criticize my “perverted attraction” for all animal scents and for some of the “strange stinking” botanical raw materials.
Every profession has its pervertion, said yesterday my right hand man, yours is about these stinking stuff.
My wife said also: “Do you really like them or is it just for joking? your eyes start shining and you look always so exited when you discover one of these stinking things”.
Who will understand the nose of a perfumer? It smells much more than odors. A perfumer in some ways thinks with his nose, he can conceptulize smells and build with them coherent constructions that appeal to the emotional memories and imagination of others.
It is just a question of training and education, not a great deal in fact, but it is mysterious and with the aura of sacredness to all but him (or her, of course, seing that most of the new generation are women).
Well, this Betuline essence is really something, I could smell that not only with my perfumer training but also with my Aromatherapist nose.
It is difficult to believe it for most people, but a person used to cure with essential oils is able to understand many properties of an essence he never knew before just by smelling it.
Before asking to the producer information about the traditional use of the plant in South Africa I googled it and, not at all surprisingly I discovered that Betuline cats pee smell is used traditionally to increase urine production, to cure kidneys and bladder, and to heal the urinary track.
I shall now research about the hormonal effect, probably for women problems.
Next news about Betuline when I start making a perfume out of it.
Friday, October 17th, 2008 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

My search for the real muskdeer scent has carried me in some of the farthest spots of the Hindu Kush but at last I found it from its fount.

I fully understand the need of all perfumers for a sustainable musk scent substitute, but the point maybe is rather about the use of an animal note in our botanical scents, such as Ambergris, Civet, Hyraceum or Castoreum, in order to obtain a perfume with a third dimension.

Like the small machines resembling binoculars through which you look in order to watch 3 dimensional photographs, there are only 2 images in the machine but the vision is truely tridimentional.

All these animal aromatic substances are pheromone molecules and they appeal to our nervous system and to our emotions as no vegetable really does. They do not need to be perceptible in a perfume, it is enough for them to be there. I remember a customer who recognized any tiny amount of rose present in any of my compositions because he hated rose due to some old traumatic memory. In the same way I observed that people recognize straight away in my compositions the ingredients that they particularly like or dislike even if I myself do not even smell it due to the tiny concentration of it.
I understood that our nose is really working like a gas chromatography machine unconsciously and that what we can perceive of a perfume may be very different from person to person. The search for third dimension of perfumery goes through animal scents but the use of them is a hard path, prohibitive high prices, difficulty to obtain and ethical dilemmas. So the first step was hair goat tincturing as a sustainable substitute for musk deer but more can be done.
I myself shall tincture a mutton this week, because yesterday I smelled a very nice powerful one at my neighbours. With a litre or two of alcohol and a big pan I shall rinse it to get his perfume. Mutton smell is somehow sweeter than the one of Billy goat, and certainly more acceptable to most people than civet. Knowing how civet can blend into marvellous perfumes, there is no reason that horse or mutton does not. Just imagine the amount of mutton absolute could be produced as a by-product of wool washing in Australia for instance.
Friday, October 17th, 2008 | Author: AbdesSalaam Attar

There is a clear parallel between music and perfumery, between olfactory and musical melodies, and we shall use this likeness in order to understand better the “why” and the “how” of olfactory education.

Just like music, perfumery is an art and even a major art, being entirely dedicated to one of our senses of perception, the sense of smell.Why is perfumery not taught at school just like music or drawing?Is perchance our sense of smell a minor sense of little importance?Do we perhaps love perfumes less than other civilizations?

School programs offer to all the basis of musical education, teaching the seven notes of our musical scale.

Olfactory education is no less important and to be able to name the scents of lavender and rose is no less important than to be able to name the blue and the red of the color spectrum.

The program that we deisigned is very simple and can be reassumed in one phrase: “how to become a perfumer in 4 moves”.

1.) The Ability to Name Odors: In fact the basis of olfactory education is to be able to name the odors by their names, which is not as easy as it seems. Our primordial sense of smell situated in our “reptilian brain” has little connection with the more evolved centers of language in our brain.

It is really surprising how often people, while smelling the absolute of coffee or the essence of lemon, smile over the bottle, recognizing only the happy memories associated with these familiar smells, without being able to give their names.

The basis and the first step of olfactory education consists in being able to name the scents that surround us. With a special diffuser, we send a sweet perfumed wind to the students and teach them to recognize the names of simple smells like lavender, pine, lemon ecc…

2.) Distinguishing the Components of a Perfume: The second step is to be able to distinguish the different components of a culinary creation or of the essences that compose simple blends such as orange cinnamon, rose lavender hay, ecc…For this course we use the perfumed wind organ, which allows us to combine 10 different essences in all possible combinations.
3.) Scent and Emotion Experiential Exercise: The third step of olfactory education is to develop the capacity to “listen to the soul” while smelling a fragrance, and to become aware of the emotions it produces and of the memories it awakens. The exercise of describing them by words sums up the method, because by wording one conceptualizes, and by conceptualizing one intellectually appropriates the experiences. For this course we use the diffuser “Cube” and familiar essences (lemon, mandarin, clove…) as well as totally new smells from other countries (vetyver, ylang ylang, patchouli…) In this course one learns the basis of the very special language of perfumers, which permits the description of fragrances just as landscapes or scenes are described. If you never heard the worlds “round” or “fresh” or “deep” while smelling such characteristic fragrances, how could you ever describe a perfume or any odor.

The didactical path of these first three steps of olfactory education is directly inspired from the Japanese Kodo, “the way of scent”, the Zen of olfaction.

4.) Team Composition of a Perfume: In the fourth step the students are given a simple and practical perfumer’s kit for children, and they are teamed by two. Everyone will make a perfume for his companion, with the same method that we use in our perfumery courses. At the end of this course every student will keep the bottle of his perfume.
A civilization produces musicians and musical culture only after its sons and daughters have received a musical education in their childhood.

Today, while the scents of nature essential to our psychological equilibrium are disappearing from our modern environment, chemical perfumes are omnipresent in our daily life, ice creams, soaps, cosmetics etc. This has created a confusion in the later generations because their olfactory models of reference are those that industrial marketing have provided for their consumption, the cheapest petrochemical mass products. Only an olfactory education can provide them with the knowledge necessary to apply criterions to the smells that surround them in order to judge their quality or to appreciate fully their beauty.